On the basis of Article IV 4a) of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina, at the session of the House of Peoples held on 21 March 2002 and at the session of the House of Representatives held on 12 March 2002 adopted

LAW ON COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Chapter I - GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1.

1.      This Law shall regulate:

a)                              The work-related rights of authors in the domain of literature, science and art and their implementation (hereinafter: copyright);

b)                              The rights of performers, of manufacturers of phonograms, broadcasting institutions - show producers and their implementation,  – (hereinafter: related rights);

c)                              The rights of video-gram [sic] manufacturers

d)                               The rights of database manufacturers; and

e)                               The protection of copyright and related rights.

Article 2.

1.      Publishing, in terms of this Law, shall mean that the author’s work or the subject matter to copyright and related rights has been made available to the public.

2.      Publication, in terms of this Law, shall mean offering to the public or putting into circulation, with the consent of the author, of a sufficient number of produced copies of the author’s work or the subject matter to related rights.

Article 3.

The terms  "public" or “publicity”, in terms of this Law, shall mean availability of works of an unspecified number of people (individuals) with no family or other ties who have free access to the works through its public presentation.

Article 4.

The protection of related rights in terms of this Law shall in no way affect the rights of authors whose works shall be protected by this Law.

Article 5.

1.      The authors’ works of citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina or of persons who are not citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina but have place of residence in Bosnia and Herzegovina, published in Bosnia and Herzegovina or abroad, as well as the authors’ works which have not been published, shall be protected pursuant to this Law.

2.      The unpublished authors’ works of foreign citizens and stateless persons to be published for the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina or within 30 days from the day they have been published in any other state shall enjoy, pursuant to this Law, the same protection as the copyright works of citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

3.      In terms of this Law there shall be also protected:

a)                             cinematography works whose producers have seat or residence in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and

b)                             architectural or other artistic works located in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina as real estate or as integral part thereof.

4.      The authors’ works of foreign citizens, which have not been for the first time or simultaneously published in Bosnia and Herzegovina, shall enjoy, pursuant to this Law, the protection within the framework of the obligations, which Bosnia and Herzegovina has assumed under international treaties or on the basis of de facto reciprocity.

5.      If the author’s work was created by various authors, the protection according to this Law will be extended to all co-authors, if at least one of them fulfils conditions referred to in Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3. 

Chapter II - THE AUTHOR'S WORK AND THE AUTHOR

Article 6.

1.      Unless otherwise provided for in this Law, an individual intellectual creation in the literary, scientific or artistic field or in any other field of creation, regardless of the kind, method or form of expression thereof, shall be considered an author's work.

2.      The following, in particular, shall be considered authors' works:

a)                             written works (books, brochures, literary texts, articles and other writings and computer programmes);

b)                             spoken works (lectures, speeches and other works of the same nature);

c)                              dramatic and dramatically-musical works;

d)                             choreographic works and works of pantomime;

e)                             musical works, with or without words;

f)                                cinematography works and works created by a process analogous to cinematography creation;

g)                             works of painting, sculpture, architecture and graphic art, regardless of the material of which they are made, as well as other works of fine art;

h)                              works of all branches of applied art and industrial designing;

i)                                photographic works and works produced by a process analogous to photography;

j)                                cartographic works (geographical maps, topographical maps and the like);

k)                              plans, sketches and plastic works related to geography, topography, architecture and any other scientific or artistic field.

Article 7.

1.      Collections of authors’ works such as encyclopaedias, compilations, anthologies, collections of music, collections of photography and the like, as well as databases either machine readable or any other kind, which, by virtue of the selection and arrangement of their contents, constitute individual intellectual creations shall be considered the authors’ work.

2.      Collections of folk literary and art works, documents, court decisions or collections of other similar contents which by itself do not constitute protected authors’ works, shall be considered authors’ works if those collections by virtue of the selection, coordination or arrangement of their contents, constitute individual intellectual creations.

3.      Provision of Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not affect the rights of authors of individual works assembled in collections.

Article 8.

1.      Translations, adaptations, musical arrangements and other alterations of original authors' works, which constitute individual intellectual creations, shall be protected as original works.

2.      The provision of Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not affect the rights of the author of the original work.

Article 9.

The use of folk literature and art creations for the purpose of a literary, artistic or scientific arrangement shall be free.

Article 10.

1.      Copyright protection shall not be afforded to:

a)                             ideas, plans, procedures, working methods, mathematical operations, principles, discoveries;

b)                             official texts from legislative, administrative and judicial areas.

c)                              professional reports, referrals, official acts or works like these made during the performance of working obligations in economic or other activity.

2.      Translations of the texts from Paragraph 1. b) shall be protected by copyright protection, unless they have been published as official texts.

Article 11.

1.                 Title of an author’s work, which constitutes an individual intellectual creation, shall be protected by this Law as well as the work itself.

2.      Notwithstanding provision of Paragraph 1 it shall be proscribed to give the authors’ work a title, which has already been used for the authors’ work of the same or similar kind, if such a title is likely to cause confusion regarding the author of the work.

Chapter III - AUTHOR AND RIGHTS OF AUTHOR

Article 12.

1.      The author of a work is the natural person who created the work.

2.      The author shall be entitled to copyright as from the moment of creation of author’s work, regardless of fulfilment of any formalities.

Article 13.

The person whose full name or pseudonym appears on the work shall be regarded as the author, unless proved to the contrary.

Article 14.

1.      The author of a collection of authors' works is the person who compiled the collection.

2.      The author of a translation, as well as the author of a work, which has been adapted, musically arranged, or altered in another way, is the person who translated, adapted or musically arranged such work or who altered it in another way.

3.      The person who created a literary, artistic or scientific work by using folk literature or art creations is the author of the work thus created.

Article 15.

1.      Where an author's work created jointly by two or more persons constitutes an indivisible entity, copyright in such a work shall belong indivisibly to all co-authors who contributed to its creation.

2.      Co-authors' shares shall be determined in proportion to the extent of their individual contributions to the creation of the work, except where they are determined otherwise by agreement between them.

3.      The decision on the use of the co-authors’ work shall belong jointly to all the co-authors. An individual co-author may not deny his/her consent contrary to the principles of consciousness and honesty.

4.      Where an author's work created jointly by two or more persons does not constitute an indivisible entity, each co-author shall be entitled to copyright on his/her contribution.

Article 16.

Where two or more authors combine their works for the purpose of joint exploitation, their rights shall be defined in accordance with the agreement, or else the provisions of Article 15. shall apply.

Article 17.

1.      Copyright on anonymous works, as well as on works published under a pseudonym, the author of which is unknown, shall be exercised by the publisher. If the publisher is not indicated on the work, the person who published the work shall be entitled to exercise copyrights.

2.      Copyright on unpublished works the author of which is unknown shall be exercised by the corresponding association of authors.

3.      The provisions of Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall cease to apply as of the moment the identity of the author is established.

Chapter IV - SPECIAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE AUTHOR'S WORK AND THE AUTHOR

Section 1. -Cinematography Work

Article 18.

1.                 The author of the scenario, the director and the director of photography, as well as the principal cartoonist in the case of an animated cartoon film, shall be considered the authors of the completed cinematography work.

2.                 If music is an essential element of a cinematography work and it has been composed for that work, the composer of the music for that work shall also be considered the co-author of such cinematography work.

3.                 The composer of film music who is not considered the author of the cinematography work in terms of Paragraph ­2., the designer of the sets, the costume designer and the make-up artist shall have copyright on their contributions and may transfer them to the maker of the cinematography work only by a contract.

4.                 The principal cartoonist and the principal animator shall be considered the co-authors of the cinematography work in case of a cartoon or animated film, or in case when cartoon or animation are an essential element of a cinematography work.

Article 19.

Authors of cinematography work have an exclusive right to record their works (filming right), to reproduce them, put in trade off, show them publicly, broadcast, inform publicity about it, do titling, translate (synchronisation) and adapt.

Article 20.

1.      The relationship between the producer of the cinematography work and the authors thereof, as well as the mutual relationships between the authors of the cinematography work, shall be governed by a contract made in writing.

2.      The contract referred to in Paragraph 1 shall, inter alia, regulate the rights transferred to the producer and the remuneration due to the authors of the cinematography work.

3.      The rights not transferred to the producer by a contract shall be reserved to the authors of the cinematography work.

4.      Legal or natural persons who produce a cinematography work, whether on the basis of a contract or on own initiative, shall be considered the producer of the cinematography work in terms of this Law.

Article 21.

Unless otherwise agreed, the author of the scenario and the composer may publish or separately utilize in other ways the contributions they have made to the cinematography work, provided that this does not violate the rights transferred to the producers of the cinematography work.

Article 22.

The cinematography work shall be regarded as completed when the first master copy of the film has been produced in compliance with the agreement between the authors and the producer of the cinematography work.

Article 23.

1.      If the producer does not complete the cinematography work within three years of the date of concluding the contract pertaining to producing such a work, or if s/he does not distribute the completed cinematography work within one year of the date of the completion thereof, the authors of the cinematography work, while reserving their right to compensation, may request termination of the contract unless another time limit is agreed upon.

2.      If any of the authors refuses to complete his/her contribution to the cinematography work or if, by force majeure, s/he is unable to do so, s/he may not object to the use, for the purpose of completing the cinematography work, of the contribution s/he has already made. Such an author shall have the corresponding copyright in the contribution already made to the creation of the cinematography work.

Section 2. -Copyright Work Created in the Course of Employment, Pursuant to a Commission and Collective Author’s Work

Article 24.

If a copyright work is created by an employee in the execution of his/her duties or upon the instructions given him by his/her employer, the rights to utilisation shall be deemed to have been transferred to the employer for a 5- year period as of the completion of the work, unless otherwise provided in the contract.

Article 25

1.      When publishing his/her collected works the author of the work created in the course of employment may use that work without employer’s consent.

2.      Upon expiration of the 5-year period as of the completion of the work created in the course of employment, the exploitation rights of the work shall belong exclusively to the author.

Article 26

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 25, the owner of the author's property right holder on a computer programme and a database created in the course of employment shall be the employer.

Article 27

1.      Unless otherwise specified in the agreement, all copyrights on works created pursuant to service contract shall belong to the author who created the work.

2.      Explicit from provisions of Paragraph 1, the author's property right on a computer programme created pursuant to service contract shall belong to the person who ordered it, unless otherwise specified in the said Contract.

Article 28

1.      A work created upon the initiative and under the direction of a natural person or legal entity, in creation of which a large number of persons has participated, and which is used under the name of the person who commissioned it (such as an encyclopedia, compilations, computer programmed, database) shall be considered a collective authors’ work.

2.      Co-authors shall be holder of joint copyright on co-author’s work unless otherwise provided in this Law or the Contract, which regulates their mutual relations.

a)                 The realisation of co-author’s rights and transfer of the right shall require approval of all co-authors. The co-author may not use his/her approval contrary to the principle of consciousness and honesty nor make any acts which would harm interests of other co-authors.

b)                 Any co-author shall be authorised to lodge claims for protection of copyrights on co-author’s work provided that s/he may lodge claims only on his/her behalf and to his/her benefit.

c)                  If not otherwise agreed the co-authors shall share economic profit from the utilisation of co-author’s works in proportion to the real contribution each has given in the work’s creation.

3.      Unless otherwise provided in the Contract the author’s property right holder on the work shall be the person who commissioned it.

4.      In the exploitation of the work the person commissioning the collective author’s work shall be obliged to state the list of the authors whose contribution were contained in the collective author’s work on each copy.

Chapter V- CONTENT AND EXPLOITATION OF COPYRIGHT

Article 29

Copyright shall include property and legal powers (hereinafter referred to as "authors' property rights") and personal and legal powers (hereinafter referred to as "authors' moral rights").

Article 30

1.      The author's property rights shall exclusively consist of the author’s rights to the exploitation of his/her work.

2.      Unless otherwise provided in this Law, exploitation of the author's work by another person may take place only with the authorization of the author.

3.      Unless otherwise provided in this Law or in a contract, the author shall have the right to remuneration for any exploitation of his/her work by another person.

Article 31

The author’s moral rights shall comprise the inalienable and non-transmissible powers of the author and it is that the author may: decide when and in what form his/her work shall be published; be recognised and indicated as the creator of the work under his/her name, pseudonym or anonymously; object to any distortion, mutilation and other alteration of the work and his/her right to object to any use of the work that are prejudicial to his/her reputation and/or honour.

Article 32

Any person who publishes, alters, arranges, performs, translates or records an author's work and any other person who exploits such author’s work in public shall be required to indicate the full name of the author of the work for each and every exploitation, if the author does not want the work to be anonymous or under pseudonym.

Article 33

1.      The author may at any time, after having compensated the damages to the owner of the copy of the work or the exploitation rights owner, withdraw his/her work from circulation, as well as prohibit further exploitation of the work in any form whatsoever, if s/he has serious moral grounds for it.

2.      If the author's work referred to in Paragraph 1 is put back into circulation, the former owner of the copies of the work or the former exploitation right holder shall have the priority right within 30 days as of the date he was informed about it, but not later than one year as of the date on which the work was put back into circulation.

3.      The powers provided for in Paragraph 1 shall not belong to other copyright proprietors.

4.      Provisions of Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply to computer programmes, cinematography work and databases.

Article 34

The author shall have the exclusive right to authorise the publication, reproduction, to put into circulation the original or the copies of the work, including the importation thereof, presentation, public performance, broadcasting, communication to the public, translation, adaptation, or exploitation of the work in any other form, unless otherwise provided in this Law.

Article 35

1.      The right to reproduce shall be construed as the right of the author to authorize the reproduction of his/her work regardless of the type, method and procedure, as well as the number of copies produced.

2.      Multiplication of the work shall also include storing of the work in electronic form.

Article 36

1.      The right to distribute shall be construed as the right to make the original or copies of the work available to the public by sale, renting or in other forms of ownership transfer.

2.      The right to distribute shall also include the exclusive right of the author to import copies of the work into a respective country with a view to their further distribution, regardless of the way in which such copies were made.

3.      The exclusive right of putting the original or copies into circulation in Bosnia and Herzegovina shall be exhausted through the first sale or a different form of obtaining ownership right on the original or copy of the work in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the author's explicit or implicit consent, unless otherwise provided for in the international treaty binding for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Article 37

1.      The authors of computer programmes, cinematography works and works created in a manner analogous to them and of the works fixed on sound carriers shall have the exclusive right to authorise the rental of the originals or the copies of those works.

2.      The right of rental shall be construed to mean the exclusive right of the authors referred to in Paragraph 1 to make the original or copies of a work available for use to other person for a limited period of time and for the purpose of direct or indirect economic or commercial benefit.

3.      The exercise of the right to put in circulation shall not include the right of author to rent the work, that is copies of the work.

Article 38

The right of communicating author’s works to public shall be construed as making author’s work available, whether by wire or not, including making their work available to public in such a manner that the work is available to everyone from the place and at the time individually chosen by that person.

Article 39

1.      Authors of dramatic, dramatically - musical and musical works shall have the exclusive right to give approval for:

a)                             the public presentation and public performance of such works;

b)                             the public transmission of the presentation or performance of such works by any means.

2.      The rights referred to in Paragraph 1 shall also be granted to the authors of dramatic and dramatically -musical works with respect to translations of such works.

Article 40

1.      It shall be the exclusive right of the author to prohibit or allow broadcasting of his/her work to any other person.

2.      Broadcasting in terms of Paragraph 1 shall be construed as public transmission of the work either via wire or wireless transmission of electromagnetic, electric and other signals to a distance (radio-diffusion and cable diffusion).

3.      Wireless and wire broadcasting shall be two separate work exploitation actions and are subject to two separate copyright powers, except:

a)                 if the wire re-broadcasting of the work which has been broadcast by wireless means, is a technically necessary precondition for receiving the programme,

b)                 if not more than 100 receivers are supplied  with the signal through the wire re-broadcasting of the work which has been broadcast by wireless means, on a non-commercial basis.

4.      The act of broadcasting referred to in Paragraph 2 shall also exist when, under the control of the entity in charge of broadcasting on its responsibility, programme-carrying signals intended for the public receiving are sent in an uninterrupted communication chain to a satellite and back down to Earth.

5.      If the signals are encrypted, broadcasting by satellite shall exist provided that the means of decrypting are supplied to the public by the broadcasting entity or by third person having its authorisation.

Article 41

It shall be the exclusive right of the author to approve communication of his/her work by broadcasting via radio-diffusion to the public by means of a loudspeaker or any other similar device for transmission of signs, sounds or images (hereinafter: secondary radio-diffuse broadcasting).

Article 42

Authors of literary, scientific and musical works shall have the exclusive right to approve:

a)                             the recording of such works by instruments for mechanical reproduction;

b)                             the public performance and communication of such works recorded by instruments for mechanical reproduction.

Article 43

1.      Approval granted in respect to public presentation and public performance, public transmission of a presentation and performance (radio-diffuse broadcasting) to the public or any other communication to the public shall not imply permission to record the work by means of sounds or images recording instruments.

2.      Unless otherwise agreed in contract, the broadcasting organization may, by means of its own facilities and solely for its own needs, record the protected work it has received the approval to broadcast, and may rebroadcast such recordings upon the payment of a remuneration and without seeking new approval from the author.

3.      The recordings referred to in Paragraph 2 may be placed in public archives as documentation material.

Article 44

The author of a literary work shall have the exclusive right to approve the public recitation of his/her literary work as well as public transmission of the recital via all means and procedures.

Article 45

1.      The author shall have the exclusive right to approve adaptations, arrangements or other alterations of his/her work.

2.      Rights referred to in Paragraph 1 shall be recognised to the author of literary works for all the time of duration of his/her rights on original work and in respect to the translation of his/her work.

Article 46

1.  Authors of literary, musical, scientific and artistic works shall have the exclusive right to approve:

a)                             the cinematography adaptation or reproduction of these works and the distribution of the works;

b)                             the public performance, public presentation, as well as electronic transmission of communicating the adjusted or reproduced works to the public.

2.  Without prejudice to the rights of the author of the work, which was adapted or reproduced, a cinematography work created by the adaptation or reproduction of literary, musical, scientific or artistic works shall be protected as an original work.

3.      The adaptation, in any artistic form, of cinematography works derived from literary, musical, scientific or artistic works shall not be effected without the authorization of the authors of such works or without the authorization of the authors of the cinematography works, unless that right has been transferred by them to the producer by a contract.

4.      The provisions of Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall also apply to the reproduction or production effected by any other process analogous to cinematography.

Article 47

1.      Authors of original works of fine art, with respect to such works, and authors of literary, scientific and musical works, with respect to their original manuscripts, shall be entitled to be informed by the owners or users of such works of the identity of the new owner or user.

2.      If the original of a work of fine art or an original manuscript is sold, or if the ownership of it is transferred by some other legal transaction against payment, the author shall have the right to be notified of such transfer and also the right to remuneration corresponding to 5% of the selling price (droit du suite).

3.      The person transferring the ownership of the work shall be liable for the payment referred to in Paragraph 2. If the transfer of ownership is effected through a gallery, by an auction or through another agent, the persons concerned shall be jointly liable with the person transferring the ownership. The duty of notification refers to the particulars of sold originals, to information on the vendor and on the retail-selling price, and also to the guarantee of the author's right to inspect the books or other documents of liable persons to the extent necessary.

4.      The author may not renounce in advance his droit de suite or transfer it by legal acts during life.  Droit de suite can be inherited.

5.      Droit de suite cannot be subject to compulsory execution.

6.      The provisions of Paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall not apply to architectural works or works of applied art.

Article 48

1.       If the owner of an architectural structure intends to have reconstruction work done, s/he shall first offer the reconstruction work to the author of the architectural design, provided that s/he is still living and can be reached in the customary manner.

2.       If the author unjustifiably refuses the co-operation, the owner shall be free to have the intended reconstruction work done.

3.       The author retains the author’s moral rights.

Article 49

1.       The author shall have the access right to the original or copies of the works in possession of another person if it is necessary for the exercise of his/her right to reproduce or redesign and if it is not contrary to justifiable interests of the owner.

2.       The author may request from the owner of the fine art of photography work to hand over original or copies of the work for the sake of their exhibiting in Bosnia and Herzegovina if s/he proves the existence of the prevailing interest.

3.       Handing over the original or copy of the work referred to in Paragraph 2 may be conditioned by issuing guaranties or concluding the insurance contract to the amount of market value of the work.

4.       The access right to the work, as well as its exhibiting, shall be exercised on the author’s cost and with the least possible damage for the owner. In the event of damage to original or copy of the work the author shall be held responsible irrespective of liability.

Article 50

1.  The following shall be permissible on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina without the authorization of the author:

a)                             the reproduction of individual pieces of literary, scientific or artistic works or such works of smaller extent in reader’s books and textbooks to the purpose of educational and scientific work, as well as individual works in the field of photography, fine arts, architecture, applied arts, industrial design and cartography if it is the matter of already published works of a larger group of authors;

b)                             re-printing in periodical papers of current articles discussing general issues of public interest, unless the author has expressly prohibited the reproduction of those articles.

2. The provisions of Paragraph 1 shall apply in an appropriate manner on public communication as well.

3.   In all of the cases referred to in Paragraph 1 the author's surname and forename, the original work and the origin of the borrowing must be clearly indicated.

4.       In the cases referred to in the Paragraph 1, the author shall have the right to remuneration and all other rights vested in him/her under this Law.

Article 51

1.      The following shall be permissible on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina without the authorization of the author and without the payment of remuneration for use:

a)                             the public presentation and performance of a literary or artistic work for the purposes of direct teaching or in the form thereof, as well as secondary broadcasting of school shows by means of radio-diffusion and public presentation and performance of published works provided that such performance involves no entrance fee or other form of payment or is given on the occasion of school celebrations where attendance is free of charge;

b)                             the publication of reviews of published literary, artistic or scientific works, wherein the content of such works is reproduced in an original and condensed manner;

c)                              the reproduction of artistic works exhibited in parks, streets and squares provided that they are not used in three-dimensional form or to the same purpose as the original work or for gaining economic profit;

d)                             the reproduction of works already published, effected for purposes of improving one's personal knowledge, provided that such reproduction is neither intended for nor accessible to the public and does not indirectly serve to another person for gaining or increasing profit;

dd)                                        provisions of item d) shall not be related to architectural works, computer programs, databases working with the assistance of computer technology, as well as fixing public communication of works on picture or sound carrier;

ddd) entire book, magazine or daily newspaper may in private purpose copy only manually or via typing machine and photo-copies maximum in three copies if the work has been sold out more than two years ago;

e)                             the works exhibited in public exhibition, fairs, auctions or collections which the exhibitor may freely reproduce in catalogues issued to that purpose;

f)                                the reproduction of works of painting by means of sculpture and vice versa, as well as the reproduction of works of architecture by means of painting or sculpture;

g)                             the faithful quotation of excerpts (citations) from a work that became available to the public in a lawful way, provided that it is in compliance with customary usage and in the measure justified by the purpose to be achieved, and that in the quotation, the source and the name of the author, if available in the source, are indicated;

h)                              use of works in the procedure before arbitration before judicial, administrative and state bodies to the extent demanded by the presentation of evidence.

2.      In the cases referred to in Paragraph 1 the author shall retain all other rights vested in him/her by this Law.

Article 52

1.      If the author’s work is a computer programme, the following shall be allowed to a person who has lawfully acquired a copy of the computer programme, without the authorization of the author and without payment of remuneration, if necessary for his/her own normal use of the program, to:

a)                             install the programme into computer memory and run it;

b)                             correct  errors in the programme or make other necessary alterations in it, unless otherwise provided for by the contract;

c)                              make a back-up copy of the programme on a hard disc;

d)                             perform de-compilation of the programme exclusively for the purpose of obtaining the information necessary to achieve interoperability between that programme and an independently created computer programme or particular hardware, provided that the information was not otherwise available.

2.      Information obtained in accordance with Paragraph 1 d) may not be given to others nor used for other purposes, especially for development or marketing of another computer programme, which would infringe the copyright on the original programme.

3.      The person who has lawfully acquired a copy of the computer programme may undertake actions referred to in Paragraph 1 directly or through another expert person working under his/her commission.

Article 53

1.      Speeches intended for the public and made before the representation bodies, before courts and other state authorities, in scientific, artistic, religious and other organizations, as well as at public meetings and official celebrations, may, without the authorization of the author and without the payment of remuneration for their use, be published by the press and radio or television for purposes of reporting current events.

2.      Other lectures, addresses and other works of the same nature may, without the authorization of the author and without the payment of remuneration for their use, only be reported briefly in the daily and periodical publications and via broadcasting.

3.      A collection of the works mentioned in Paragraphs 1 and 2 may not be compiled without the authorization of the author.

4.      In the cases provided for in Paragraphs 1 and 2 the author shall retain all other rights vested in him/her by this Law.

Article 54

1.      Remuneration shall be paid for public performance of folk literature and art creations same as for the public performance of authors' works.